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Background: Vaccine is an essential tool to limit the health of the COVID-19 pandemic. AstraZeneca vaccine already provided promising effectiveness data. Still, the study must check the correlation between vaccination and antibody titer. Aim: This study aims to evaluate antibody titer after AstraZeneca vaccination based on the age group. Materials and Methods: This study used a prospective cross-sectional method with convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria were all Indonesian citizens above 18 years old who were vaccinated at UTA'45 Jakarta Vaccine Center with no history of COVID-19 before the vaccination and had filled up the informed consent. Results: This study's total sample was 102 females;51.90%, residents of Java Island;91.17% had comorbidities;50,98%, smokers;9,80%, alcohol drinker;9,80%, exercise;80,39%, blood pressure;128/73, SpO2: 97,82. Most participants aged around 30 years had a body mass index of 23.33. Age, comorbidity, smoking, alcohol, and exercise habit significantly correlate with the increase of the participants' antibodies (P < 0.001). The age shows that the younger the participant, the higher the titer antibody 2 will be (P = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI],-1.935,-0.694). The exercise shows that the participant with the routine practice will have a higher titer antibody 2 (P = 0.002, 95% CI, 12.016, 51.791). Antibody titer for participants younger than 35 years old increased 5.7 times while for participants between 35 and 45 years old was 3.9 times. Another group (>45-55 years old) has shown an improvement in antibody titer at 1.7 times, but the last group (>55 years old) described an increase in antibody titer at 232.3 times. Conclusions: Age, comorbidity, smoking, alcohol, and exercise contributed to the increase in titer antibody 2 value of the AstraZeneca vaccine participants. Participants in the age group <35 years have an excellent immune system.
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Objective: Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) is one of the herbs used in ethnomedicines as an immunostimulant during the COVID-19 pandemic. This present study aims to discover the potential toxicity effect of pegagan embun extract through sub-acute administration on the SGPT and SGOT levels of Wistar white male rats. Method(s): Thirty-six test animals were divided into four groups: the control group was given Na CMC 0.5%, and the treatment groups were treated with ethanol extract of pegagan embun at doses of 7, 35, and 150 mg/kgBW. All groups were treated orally for 7, 14, and 21 d once daily. On the 8th, 15th, and 22nd day, the SGPT and SGOT of the test animal level were measured. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test (p<0.05). Result(s): The study revealed that administration of pegagan embun extract did not cause any harmful effect on the liver but significantly decreased the level of SGPT and SGOT influenced by the variety of doses and duration of administration (p<0.05). Significant reductions in SGPT and SGOT levels are seen after extract administration at dosages of 7 mg/kgBW for 21 d. Conclusion(s): This study showed that pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) extract sub-acute administration at doses of 7, 35, and 150 mg/kgBW is relatively non-toxic and safe to be used as an immunostimulant. There was no sign of damage showed in the liver of treated rats based on the levels of SGOT and SGPT.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.
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Background: Until now Currently, we are still living side by side with the Sars-Cov-2 virus. Researchers have also conducted a lot of research to find drugs that can increase immunostimulants, one of which is sungkai leaf. Sungkai leaves have been used as an immune system enhancer. When microorganisms enter the body, the body will respond to these microorganisms as antigens so that the body will defend itself with an immune system consisting of two systems, namely the non-specific immune system and the specific immune system. One of the non-specific immune systems is NK cells (Natural Killer Cells). Objective(s): This study was conducted to examine the effect of the active compound of sungkai leaf (DS.22.16.53) with 3 doses of 1, 10 and 100 mg/kgbw on the response of the non-specific immune system (NK cell activity) in male white mice exposed to Sars-Cov-2 virus antigen. Method(s): 30 test animals used were divided into 6 groups with each test animal induced first by the Sars-Cov-2 (Moderna) virus antigen and given the active compound isolate for 14 days and then evaluated on the 15th day. Result(s): The results of the evaluation of the protein concentration of NK cells using statistical data analysis and Duncan's follow-up test sequentially were 5.91:6,05:6,04:3,51:3,36:6,98 ng/ml. The results showed that there was an increase in protein concentration of NK cells with 3 variations in dosage, namely 1, 10, 100 mg/kgbw. Conclusion(s): The active compound DS.22.16.53 Sungkai leaf can increase the non-specific immune system against exposure to Sars-Cov-2 virus antigen. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) plant had been used as an immune system enhancer. Aim: In this study, the effect of Sungkai leaf extracts from 4 different fractions, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and residual water with 3 variations in doses of 1,10 and 100 mg/kg bw on the activity of NK and CD8+T cells in male white mice that have been exposed to SARS-Cov-2 virus antigen was investigated. Methods: The experimental animals used were 60 animals divided into 12 groups with 14 days of treatment which had previously been induced with SARS-Cov-2 virus antigen (Moderna) and given with Sungkai leaf extracts for 14 days and evaluated on day 15. The evaluation results of NK cells concentrations sequentially were 2.96;4.66;5.38;5.43;4.05;2.89;3.56;4.21;2.88;1.99;2.07;4.40;3.21;3.40;and 6.93 ng/ml. On the other hand, the evaluation results of CD8+T cells concentrations sequentially were 27.47;28.96;29.19;27.90;21.85;25.79;27.98;23.50;23.39;26.56;22.62;25.19;23,55;26,75;and 29,69 ng/ml. One-way ANOVA and Duncan test were used for the data analysis. Results: The results showed significant increase of concentration (p<0.05) towards concentration of NK cells in the butanol fraction at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW and CD8+T cells in the residual water fraction at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Conclusion: It can be concluded that fraction from sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) at doses of 1,10 and 100 mg/kg bw shows immunostimulatory activity.
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Background: Over time, cases of COVID-19 have increased significantly;as of June 19, 2020, the total number of patients positive for COVID-19 in Cengkareng District, Indonesia, was 163 as behavioural efforts to prevent COVID-19 have not been carried out optimally by Cengkareng District residents. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitude of the community towards COVID-19 prevention behaviour. Methods: This study was observational, prospective, with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of the residents of Cengkareng District (n=100) obtained by a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis was univariate and bivariate. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-square test. Results: The univariate analysis revealed that 62% of respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19 prevention, 55% had positive attitudes towards COVID-19 prevention, and 60% had good COVID-19 prevention behaviour. Bivariate analysis showed that men, women, and children were associated with a COVID-19 preventive behaviour (p<0.05). In Cengkareng District, West Jakarta, there was an association between population knowledge and COVID-19 prevention behaviour. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, health workers should promote the importance of COVID-19 prevention behaviours.